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All data are from nationwide surveys of Americans 18 & older. Polls listed chronologically.

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"...How important is it that Bush first get [see below] before taking military action against Iraq? Is it very important, somewhat important, not too important or not at all important?"

"Support from most of our European allies"

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"Formal support from the United Nations"

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"Support from most of the Arab countries that are friendly to the United States"

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"Which ONE of the following statements comes closer to your opinion about how soon the U.S. should take military action against Iraq? It is important to take military action in the next month or so, even if many of our allies continue to oppose it. OR, It would be better to delay military action to try to get more support from our allies, even if it gives Saddam more time to prepare for an attack and try to develop weapons of mass destruction."

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"Do you believe Saddam Hussein is an IMMEDIATE THREAT to the US or not?"

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"How important do you think it is for the United States to take military action within the next six months in order to remove Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq? Would you say . . . ?"

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"In the event that UN weapons inspections begin, do you think an Iraqi regime change would still be necessary or not?"

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"In your mind, is there enough of a link between Iraq and TERRORISM to justify a U.S. military campaign to try to topple the regime of Iraqi president Saddam Hussein OR does the U.S. need to offer more evidence?"

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"Please tell me whether or not you would support the following kinds of U.S. military action against Iraq and its leader Saddam Hussein. What about organizing an INTERNATIONAL force to remove Saddam Hussein from power and take control of the country? Would you support this kind of military action or not?"

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"Do you think the United States has done all it can do to solve the crisis with Iraq diplomatically, or not?"

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"Would you be more likely to vote for your representative from Congress if that person voted [rotate:] in favor of sending ground troops to Iraq, OR if that person voted against sending ground troops to Iraq -- or would it not make a difference to your vote either way?" Form B (N=750, MoE ± 4)

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"What do you think should be a higher priority for the United States right now: [rotate] tracking down and capturing al Qaeda members, OR disarming Iraq and removing Saddam Hussein from power?"

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"Do you think the United States can handle [rotate:] the current war on terrorism AND a war with Iraq at the same time -- or should it deal with these problems one at a time?" If "One at a time": "Which one first?"

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"Which of these two statements comes closer to your opinion? (A) The United States should not attack Iraq unless the United States is attacked first, either by Iraq or by terrorists supported by Iraq. OR, (B) The United States should be able to attack Iraq first, if it thinks Iraq or terrorists supported by Iraq might attack the United States."

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"Which of these two statements comes closer to your opinion? (A) Diplomacy does not work with Iraq and it's about time for the United States to stop talking and take military action. OR, (B) Diplomacy with Iraq still might work and the United States should hold off on military action and keep trying for a diplomatic solution."

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CBS News/New York Times Poll. Oct. 3-5, 2002. N=668 adults nationwide. MoE ± 4 (total sample).

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"Do you think the President should have to get the approval of Congress before taking military action against Iraq, or should he be able to make that decision himself?"

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"Overall, is Congress asking too many questions about President Bush's policy toward Iraq, or isn't Congress asking enough questions?"

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"In your opinion, do you think that a war between the United States and Iraq is likely to lead to a larger war between other countries in the Middle East?" Form D (N=331)

Newsweek Poll conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates. Sept. 26-27, 2002. N=1,011 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3 (total sample).

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"...How important is it that Bush first get [see below] before taking military action against Iraq? Is it very important, somewhat important, not too important or not at all important?"

"The approval of Congress"

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"Do you think the Bush Administration has a well-thought-out plan for using military force against Iraq, or not?"

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"Do you think President Bush and others in his Administration are DELIBERATELY using talk of war with Iraq to distract attention from other issues in this year's congressional elections, or not?"

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"Do you think Saddam Hussein will ever give weapons inspectors complete and total access, or not?"

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"Are you more concerned that Iraq will attack the U.S. or are you more concerned that Iraq might supply nuclear and other weapons to terrorist organizations such as al Qaeda?"

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"How likely do you think it is that the United Nations will enforce its existing resolutions that require Iraq give up efforts to develop nuclear, chemical and biological weapons? . . ."

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CBS News Poll. Sept. 22-23, 2002. N=903 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"So far, do you think the Bush Administration has clearly explained the United States position with regard to possibly attacking Iraq, or haven't they done that yet?"

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"Should the United States follow the recommendations of the United Nations when it comes to taking military action against Iraq, or should the United States decide what to do on its own, regardless of what the United Nations recommends?"

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"Do you think the Bush Administration has a clear and well-thought out policy on Iraq, or not?" Form A (N=492, MoE ± 5)

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"Do you think Congress should or should not vote to give President Bush unlimited authority to use military action against Iraq whenever he feels it is necessary?"

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"Some people say they would support invading Iraq with U.S. ground troops only if certain conditions were true. For each of the following conditions, please say if you would favor or oppose invading Iraq with U.S. ground troops if it were true. How about if [see below]?"

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"Would you favor or oppose sending American ground troops to the Persian Gulf in an attempt to prevent Iraq from developing weapons of mass destruction, but not necessarily to remove Saddam Hussein from power?"

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"Do you think the United Nations should or should not pass a resolution that imposes a deadline on Iraq to submit to weapons inspections or face grave consequences?"

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"Which comes closest to your point of view about sending U.S. ground troops to Iraq? [Rotate:] The United States should send ground troops to Iraq only if the United Nations supports that action. The United States should send ground troops to Iraq even if the United Nations opposes that action. OR, The United States should not send ground troops to Iraq at all?"

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"Do you think the Bush Administration has or has not done enough to explain to the American public why the U.S. might take military action to remove Saddam Hussein from power?"

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"If the United States does not take military action against Saddam Hussein, do you think he will or will not eventually use weapons of mass destruction, such as biological, chemical, or nuclear weapons, against the United States?"

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"When it comes to Congress, who do you think is more likely to make the right decisions regarding Iraq: [rotate] the Republicans in Congress, OR the Democrats in Congress?"

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"When do you think Congress should vote on a resolution to take military action in Iraq: before the congressional elections this November, after the congressional elections but before the end of the year, or sometime early next year?"

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Asked of those who favor military action against Iraq:
"What if U.S. allies opposed such military action? In that case would you favor or oppose having U.S. forces take military action against Iraq?"

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"If Iraq agrees to let United Nations weapons inspectors back into the country, do you think the United States should hold off on attacking Iraq, or not?"

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"If Iraq agrees to admit the weapons inspectors, but then interferes or does not cooperate with them, in that case would you favor or oppose having U.S. forces take military action against Iraq?"

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"How important do you think it is for the United States to force Saddam Hussein from power: very important, somewhat important, not too important or not important at all?"

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"Do you think George W. Bush has a clear policy on Iraq, or not?"

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"Do you think the Bush Administration has or has not done enough to try to win support from other countries for taking military action against Iraq?"

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"What do you think would create a greater risk of further terrorism to this country -- if the United States DOES take military action against Iraq, or if the United States does NOT take military action?"

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"If other countries in the international alliance oppose military action against Iraq, do you think it is more important for the U.S. to go along with its allies, or is it more important for the U.S. to maintain its ability to act alone if necessary to protect U.S. citizens?"

CBS News/New York Times Poll. Sept. 2-5, 2002. N=937 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3 (total sample).

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"Suppose U.S. military action in Iraq would result in substantial IRAQI civilian casualties, then would you favor or oppose the United States taking military action against Iraq?"

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"Do you think it is necessary for the Bush Administration to get a resolution of support from the Congress before it attacks Iraq, or not?" Form A (N=507, MoE ± 5)

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"Do you think it is necessary for the Bush Administration to get a resolution of support from the United Nations before it attacks Iraq, or not?" Form B (N=496, MoE ± 5)

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"Just your best guess, do you think the United States is headed for war with Iraq, or not?"

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"If Bush decides to go to war with Iraq, do you think he should get authorization from Congress before launching an attack, or not?"

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Asked of those who think Bush should get authorization from Congress:
"If Bush and the Congress disagree on attacking Iraq, who should have the final decision: Bush or the Congress?"

Los Angeles Times Poll. Aug. 22-25, 2002. N=1,372 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3 (total sample).

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"Do you think the United States should take military action in order to remove Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq, or not?"

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"Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The United States should take military action against Iraq only if that military action has the support of the international community."

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"If the United States were to take military action against Iraq, do you think that would help to stabilize the situation in the Middle East, or do you think it would help to destabilize it, or don't you think military action against Iraq would affect the stability of that region one way or the other?"

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CBS News Poll. Aug. 6-7, 2002. N=832 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3 (total sample).

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"Do you approve or disapprove of the United States taking military action against Iraq to try and remove Saddam Hussein from power?"

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"Do you think the President should have to get the approval of Congress before taking military action against Iraq to try and remove Saddam Hussein from power, or should he be able to make that decision himself?"

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"Which statement do you agree with more? 1. Iraq presents such a clear danger to American interests that the U.S. needs to act now, even without the support of its allies. OR, 2. The U.S. needs to wait for its allies before taking any action against Iraq."

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"Do you think removing Saddam Hussein from power is worth the potential loss of American life and the other costs of attacking Iraq, or not?"

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"Which country do you think is a stronger supporter of terrorism and poses the greater immediate danger to the United States: Iran or Iraq?"

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"Would you support or oppose the military action even if it means thousands of American soldiers' lives would be lost? ... Would you support or oppose the military action even if it means a war lasting up to five years?"

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"Do you think Congress should have hearings to discuss the U.S. taking military action against Iraq, or would congressional hearings give away too much information?"

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Newsweek Poll conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates. April 25-26, 2002. N=1,000 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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NBC News/Wall Street Journal Poll conducted by the polling organizations of Peter Hart (D) and Robert Teeter (R). April 5-7, 2002. N=1,005 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.2.

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