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Polls listed chronologically. Data are from nationwide surveys of Americans 18 & older.

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ABC News/Washington Post Poll. Oct. 26-29, 2003. N=1,207 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3. Fieldwork by TNS Intersearch.

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"Earlier this year, Congress approved spending 79 billion dollars to help pay for the war in Iraq and the rebuilding effort there. George W. Bush has now called for spending 87 billion dollars more. Do you support or oppose this additional spending for the war and rebuilding in Iraq?"

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"How do you feel about the possibility that the United States will get bogged down in a long and costly peacekeeping mission in Iraq? Would you say you're very concerned about that, somewhat concerned, not too concerned or not concerned at all?"

CBS News Poll. Oct. 20-21, 2003. N=751 adults nationwide. MoE ± 4 (total sample).

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"Do you approve or disapprove of the United States' current occupation of Iraq?"

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"George W. Bush has asked Congress for an additional $87 billion for the next year for military and reconstruction efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Do you think the United States should or should not spend this amount of money?"

FOX News/Opinion Dynamics Poll. Oct. 14-15, 2003. N=900 registered voters nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way newspapers and television channels have been reporting on U.S. military operations in Iraq?"

10/03

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"Generally speaking, do you think news reports about U.S. military operations in Iraq have been more likely to focus on the negative things happening in Iraq and leave out the positive things, OR, more likely to focus on the positive things happening in Iraq and leave out the negative things?" Options rotated

10/03

CNN/USA Today/Gallup Poll. Oct. 10-12, 2003. N=1,004 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"As you may know, President Bush requested that Congress authorize an additional $87 billion in government spending for Iraq and the war on terrorism. Do you think Congress should or should not vote to authorize this?"

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"Do you think the Bush Administration deliberately misled the American public about how big a threat Iraq was to the United States before the war began, or not?"

CBS News/New York Times Poll. Sept. 28-Oct. 1, 2003. N=981 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"Do you think the Bush Administration has developed a clear plan for rebuilding Iraq, or hasn't it developed one yet?"

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"George W. Bush has asked Congress for an additional $87 billion for the next year for military and reconstruction efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Do you think the United States should or should not spend this amount of money?"

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"Who should have the lead responsibility for setting up a new government in Iraq: the United Nations or the United States?"

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"Earlier this year, Congress approved spending 79 billion dollars to help pay for the war in Iraq and the rebuilding effort there. George W. Bush has now called for spending 87 billion dollars more. Do you support or oppose this additional spending for the war and rebuilding in Iraq?"

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"If Congress approves this additional 87 billion dollars, how do you think the government should pay for it: by cutting spending on other programs, increasing the federal budget deficit, or eliminating the recent tax cuts?" Options rotated

Newsweek Poll conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates. Sept. 25-26, 2003. N=1,004 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"In general, do you think the number of U.S. military personnel in Iraq should be reduced ONLY IF they are replaced by international troops, OR that they should be reduced EVEN IF other countries don't supply more troops?"

9/25-26/03

9/11-12/03

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CNN/USA Today/Gallup Poll. Sept. 19-21, 2003. N=1,003 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"Just your best guess: Do you think Saddam Hussein is alive and personally directing the attacks against U.S. soldiers in Iraq, alive but basically powerless to direct attacks against U.S. soldiers in Iraq, or do you think he is dead?" Options rotated

CBS News Poll. Sept. 15-16, 2003. N=675 adults nationwide. MoE ± 4.

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"Do you think spending to rebuild Iraq will mean the United States government has to cut spending on domestic programs such as education and health care, or do you think the United States government can pay for domestic programs in the U.S. and rebuild Iraq at the same time?"

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"President Bush has asked Congress for $87 billion for the next year to rebuild Iraq. Do you think the U.S. should or should not spend this amount of money rebuilding Iraq?"

Newsweek Poll conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates. Sept. 11-12, 2003. N=1,004 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"President Bush has asked Congress for 87 billion dollars in additional funding for U.S. efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Do you favor or oppose this additional spending?"

FOX News/Opinion Dynamics Poll. Sept. 9-10, 2003. N=900 registered voters nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"President Bush is sending a request to Congress for 87 billion dollars for military operations and rebuilding in Iraq and Afghanistan. If you were a member of Congress, would you vote to approve the money or not?"

ALL

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"Do you agree or disagree with the view that the military action being taken abroad in Iraq and Afghanistan is necessary to protect Americans from having to fight terrorists on U.S. soil?"

9/03

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"Do you support or oppose the current U.S. military presence in Iraq?"

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"In the long term, do you think having gone to war with Iraq will increase or decrease the risk of further terrorism in the United States?"

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"Would you support or oppose supplementing U.S. troops in Iraq with troops from other countries to create an international force there?"

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"When it comes to their dealing with Iraq, do you think members of the Bush Administration have been telling the entire truth, usually telling the truth but hiding some things, or have they been mostly lying?"

CNN/USA Today/Gallup Poll. Aug. 25-26, 2003. N=1,009 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"Do you think the Bush Administration does or does not have a clear plan for handling the situation in Iraq?"

Newsweek Poll conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates. Aug. 21-22, 2003. N=1,011 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"Which ONE of the following comes closer to your view of how the U.S. war with Iraq has affected al Queda and the worldwide terrorism network? Do you think the Iraq war has REDUCED their power by removing an oil-rich regime that supported terrorism, OR, the Iraq war has INCREASED their power by inspiring a new generation of terrorists to take up arms against the United States and its allies?"

The Harris Poll. Aug. 12-17, 2003. N=1,011 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"If it turns out that Iraq had no significant weapons of mass destruction and there was no strong link to al Qaeda, would you think we were told the truth by the U.S. government or that we were misled?"

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"How likely is it that Saddam Hussein [see below]? Would you say that it is very likely, somewhat likely, not very likely, or not at all likely?"

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FOX News/Opinion Dynamics Poll. July 29-30, 2003. N=900 registered voters nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"Do you think seeing the United States go to war in Iraq will cause countries like North Korea and Iran to increase or decrease their weapons programs?"

NBC News/Wall Street Journal Poll conducted by the polling organizations of Peter Hart (D) and Robert Teeter (R). July 26-28, 2003. N=1,007 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.1 (total sample).

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"Do you think that the war in Iraq is generally over with most of the challenges behind us, or do you think that most of the challenges in Iraq remain ahead?" Half sample (Form A)

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"Do you think that the United States will or will not find weapons of mass destruction in Iraq?"

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"Do you think it will or will not be possible to establish a stable democratic government in Iraq?"

CNN/USA Today/Gallup Poll. July 25-27, 2003. N=1,006 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"In the long run, do you think the U.S. war with Iraq will end up creating more problems than it solves or will end up solving more problems than it creates?" Options rotated

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"Which ONE of the following statements comes closer to your own views about how national security has been affected by the Iraq war? Our national security is stronger because a potential threat has been removed and enemies warned that the United States will use military force to protect its interests. Our national security is weaker because too many U.S. military forces are committed to Iraq and not available to deal with threats in other parts of the world." Options rotated

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"From what you've seen or heard in the news, do you believe that Saddam Hussein's regime in Iraq was harboring al Qaeda terrorists and helping them to develop chemical weapons, or not?"

The Gallup Poll. July 18-20, 2003. N=1,003 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"Do you think the Bush Administration deliberately misled the American public about whether Iraq has weapons of mass destruction, or not?"

Program on International Policy Attitudes/Knowledge Networks Poll. July 11-20, 2003. N=1,066 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3 (total sample).This survey was fielded by Knowledge Networks using its nationwide research panel. Knowledge Networks employs a random-digit-dial telephone methodology to develop a representative sample of households for participation in its panel. Participants receive free hardware and free Internet access. Surveys are administered via interactive TV devices.

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"Do you think the Bush Administration did or did not imply that Iraq under Saddam Hussein was involved in the September 11th attacks?"

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"Next are a series of questions that ask for your impression of some things that you may or may not know. Please just indicate your impression whether or not you are very confident that it is correct.

"Please select what you think is the best description of the relationship between the Iraqi government under Saddam Hussein and the terrorist group al Qaeda: There was no connection at all. A few al Qaeda individuals visited Iraq or had contact with Iraqi officials. Iraq gave substantial support to al Qaeda, but was not involved in the September 11th attacks. Iraq was directly involved in carrying out the September 11th attacks." 3/4 sample (MoE ± 3.5)

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"Is it your impression that when the U.S. government presented the evidence to justify going to war with Iraq it was being misleading or not being misleading?" Half sample

Time/CNN Poll conducted by Harris Interactive. July 16-17, 2003. N=1,004 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.1.

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"Would you like to see other countries provide more troops in Iraq even if it meant that the U.S. would have less control over events there, or don't you feel that way?"

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"As you may know, the White House has admitted that President Bush was incorrect when he said in his State of the Union Address there was evidence that Iraq was trying to obtain nuclear materials from Africa. Do you think the Bush Administration deliberately misled the public about Iraq having nuclear materials in order to gain support for the war, or don't you feel that way?"

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"Do you think the United States has to kill or capture Saddam Hussein for the war in Iraq to be a success, or do you think the war in Iraq can be a success with Saddam Hussein removed from power but not killed or captured?" Options rotated

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"Before the war began, do you think the Bush Administration did or did not intentionally exaggerate its evidence that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction, such as biological or chemical weapons?"

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"Looking back, do you think that Iraq's Saddam Hussein represented a major threat to the U.S., a minor threat, or was Saddam Hussein not a threat to the U.S.?" Form D (N=369)

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"Which do you think the Iraqi people are feeling right now: grateful to the United States for getting rid of Saddam Hussein, or resentful of the United States for being in Iraq right now?"

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"Thinking back now to the weeks before the war with Iraq, do you think the Bush Administration overestimated the number of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, underestimated the number of weapons of mass destruction, or accurately estimated the number of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq?"

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"When presenting what they knew about the existence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq before the war, do you think the members of the Bush Administration were telling everything they knew, most of what they knew, hiding important elements of what they knew, or mostly lying?"

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"Which comes closest to your view about the number of U.S. troops in Iraq: the U.S. should send more troops to Iraq, the U.S. should keep the number of troops as it is now, or the U.S. should bring some troops home from Iraq?" Options rotated, Form B (N=497, MoE ± 5)

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"Do you approve or disapprove of the Bush Administration's handling of postwar reconstruction in Iraq?"

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"Overall, do you think the war in Iraq has made the United States safer or less safe?"

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"Do you think the military's response to the continuing violence against U.S.-led forces in Iraq has been too aggressive, not aggressive enough, or about right?"

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CNN/USA Today/Gallup Poll. June 27-29, 2003. N=1,003 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"Thinking about the U.S. presence in Iraq since major fighting ended, do you think it is worth having U.S. troops there now, or not?"

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"How good a job do you think the Bush Administration did in planning for the situation in Iraq after the major fighting was over: very good, good, poor, or very poor?" Options rotated

Program on International Policy Attitudes/Knowledge Networks Poll. June 18-25, 2003. N=1,051 adults nationwide. This survey was fielded by Knowledge Networks using its nationwide research panel. Knowledge Networks employs a random-digit-dial telephone methodology to develop a representative sample of households for participation in its panel. Participants receive free hardware and free Internet access. Surveys are administered via interactive TV devices.

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"Compared with how you felt at the beginning of the war, knowing what you know now, would you say you are more or less supportive of the decision to go to war with Iraq?" 3/4 sample (MoE ± 3.5)

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"Do you think the United States can justify this war only if it finds weapons of mass destruction, such as chemical or biological weapons, in Iraq; or do you think the United States can justify this war for other reasons, even if it does not find weapons of mass destruction in Iraq?"

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"All things considered, do you think the United States going to war with Iraq has been worth it or not?"

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"On the issue of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, do you believe Iraq currently has weapons of mass destruction, had weapons of mass destruction before the war but has moved or destroyed them, or that Iraq did not have any weapons of mass destruction?"

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"Which one of the following do you believe is most likely to be true? President Bush exaggerated the dangers of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. The intelligence agencies exaggerated the dangers of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq to President Bush. Both President Bush and intelligence agencies exaggerated the dangers. OR, Neither President Bush nor the intelligence agencies exaggerated the dangers."

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"Do you approve or disapprove of the way the United States military is handling the postwar situation in Iraq?"

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"Do you support or oppose the United States having gone to war with Iraq?"

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"Would you say the United States is doing enough to restore civil order in Iraq, or do you think it should be doing more?"

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"For each item I name, please tell me who you think should be in charge of that: the United States or the United Nations. . . . "

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"Awarding contracts to companies for rebuilding the infrastructure in Iraq"

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"How would you say the war is going for the United States and its allies: very well, fairly well, not too well or not well at all?"

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"Just your best guess, in this war do you think most of the people of Iraq are on Saddam Hussein's side, or the United States' side?" Options were rotated

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"Until a new government is fully established in Iraq, who do you think should be in charge there: the United States or the United Nations?" Options were rotated

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"After the war, do you think a large number of United States soldiers should remain in Iraq to help maintain peace, or not?"

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"Do you think the war will leave the United States in a stronger position in the world, a weaker position, or won't it make much difference to the U.S. position in the world?"

FOX News/Opinion Dynamics Poll. April 8-9, 2003. N=900 registered voters nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"Do you support or oppose the United States taking military action to disarm Iraq and remove Iraqi President Saddam Hussein?"

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"Do you approve or disapprove of the way the war against Iraq is being conducted?"

Pew Research Center for the People & the Press survey conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates. April 8-9, 2003. N=809 adults nationwide. MoE ± 4.

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"Do you approve or disapprove of the way George W. Bush is dealing with the war in Iraq?"

Pew Research Center for the People & the Press survey conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates. April 2-7, 2003. N=912 adults nationwide. MoE ± 4.

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"In general, how would you rate the job the press has done in covering the war in Iraq: excellent, good, only fair, or poor?"