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China See also: Allies and enemies | International trade

Pew Research Center. July 10-15, 2019. N=1,502 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.

"Thinking about our economic and trade policy toward China, which is more important: building a stronger relationship with China on economic issues, or getting tougher with China on economic issues?" Options rotated

		Building a stronger relationship	Getting tougher	Unsure
		%	%	%
	7/10-15/19	62	35	3
	2/12-26/14	51	41	8
	10/4-7/12	42	49	9
	3/8-14/11	53	40	7

"All things considered, which of these descriptions comes closest to your view of China today? Do you think China is an adversary; a serious problem, but not an adversary; or, not much of a problem?" Form 2 (N=752; margin of error ą 4.2)

		Adversary	Serious problem	Not a problem	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%	%
	7/10-15/19	23	50	24	3
	4/25 - 5/1/18	16	43	34	7
	1/4-9/17	22	43	31	4
	10/20-25/16	18	48	28	7
	4/12-19/16	23	44	29	3
	3/20-23/14	22	35	32	10
	10/30 - 11/6/13	23	43	28	6
	1/5-9/11	22	43	27	9
	10/28 - 11/8/09	19	41	30	9
	9/08	19	49	26	6
	10/05	16	45	30	9
	7/8-18/04	14	40	36	10
	2/02	17	39	33	11
	5/01	19	51	22	8
	3/00	17	44	26	13
	6/99	18	53	22	7
	3/99	20	48	25	7
	9/97	14	46	32	8

CNN/ORC Poll. March 1-4, 2017. N=1,025 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.
						.
"Would you say that the following represent a very serious threat to the United States, a moderately serious threat, just a slight threat, or no threat at all? ... China."
						.
		Very serious threat	Moderately serious threat	Just a slight threat	No threat at all	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	3/1-4/17	22	41	21	16	-
	4/28 - 5/1/16	24	42	17	16	1
	2/24-27/16	28	35	19	16	1
	10/14-17/15	28	36	19	16	1
	9/4-8/15	33	40	16	10	1
	4/16-19/15	18	36	24	21	1

Gallup Poll. Feb. 1-5, 2017. N=1,035 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 4.
						.
"Next, I'd like your overall opinion of some foreign countries. What is your overall opinion of China? Is it very favorable, mostly favorable, mostly unfavorable, or very unfavorable?"
						.
		Very favorable	Mostly favorable	Mostly unfavorable	Very unfavorable	No opinion
		%	%	%	%	%
	2/1-5/17	10	40	35	13	2
	2/3-7/16	8	36	34	18	4
	2/8-11/15	8	36	34	16	5
	2/6-9/14	9	34	35	18	5
	2/7-10/13	8	35	35	17	5
	2/2-5/12	6	35	36	20	2
	2/2-5/11	6	41	37	13	3
	2/1-3/10	5	37	36	17	5
	2/04	6	35	38	16	5
	3/03	6	39	34	12	9
	2/02	6	38	37	12	7
	2/01	5	40	31	17	7
	11/00	5	31	39	18	7
	3/00	6	29	40	16	9
	1/00	4	29	33	18	16
	5/99	5	33	38	18	6
	3/99	2	32	39	20	7
	2/99	8	31	34	16	11
	7/98	6	38	36	11	9
	6/98	5	34	42	9	10
	6/97	5	28	36	14	17
	3/96	6	33	35	16	10
	2/94	4	36	38	15	7
	11/93	10	43	24	15	8
	3/14-17/91	5	30	35	18	12
	8/10-13/89	5	29	32	22	12
	2/28 - 3/2/89	12	60	10	3	15
	2/22 - 3/3/85	5	33	35	16	11
	9/79	18	46	18	7	10

Gallup Poll. June 1-4, 2013. N=1,529 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.
						.
"For each of the following countries, please say whether you consider it an ally of the United States, friendly but not an ally, unfriendly, or an enemy of the United States. How about China?"
						.
		An ally	Friendly but not an ally	Unfriendly	An enemy	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	6/1-4/13	11	44	26	14	5
	7/6-9/06	12	48	27	8	6
	9/19-21/03	9	44	30	12	5
	4/20-22/01	5	22	44	25	4
	5/18-21/00	10	41	30	13	6

CBS News Poll. Nov. 6-10, 2011. N=1,182 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.
						.
"Do you consider China an ally of the United States, friendly but not an ally, unfriendly, or an enemy of the United States?"
						.
		Ally	Friendly	Unfriendly	Enemy	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	11/6-10/11	11	48	20	12	9
	7/31 - 8/5/08	7	60	15	8	10
	4/4-5/01	5	44	33	11	7
						.
"Do you think the recent economic expansion of China has been generally good for the U.S. economy, or bad for the U.S. economy, or had no effect on the U.S. economy?"
						.
		Good	Bad	No effect	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	11/6-10/11	15	61	12	12
						.
"Do you think China's military is a major threat to the security of the United States, a minor threat, or not a threat?"
						.
		Major threat	Minor threat	Not a threat	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	11/6-10/11	25	42	26	7

ABC News/Washington Post Poll. Jan. 13-16, 2011. N=1,053 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.5.
						.
"Do you approve or disapprove of the way Obama is handling U.S. relations with China?"
						.
		Approve	Disapprove	Unsure
		%	%	%
	1/13-16/11	43	35	23
						.
"Would you say you generally have a favorable or unfavorable impression of China?"
						.
		Favorable	Unfavorable	Unsure
		%	%	%
	1/13-16/11	42	49	9
	6/98	34	52	14
	3/90	39	58	3
	4/89	80	17	2
	2/89	69	28	3
						.
"In terms of its overall relations with the United States, do you think of China as a friendly country or an unfriendly country?" If "unfriendly: "Do you see China as an enemy of the United States, or just unfriendly?"
						.
		Friendly	Unfriendly	An enemy	In between friendly and unfriendly (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	1/13-16/11	47	33	11	4	5
	4/5/01	28	37	20	8	6
	6/98	39	35	12	9	5
						.
"In economic terms, some people see China as more of an opportunity for new markets and investment, while others see it as a threat to American jobs and economic security. Which view is closer to your own?"
						.
		An opportunity	A threat	Both (vol.)	Neither (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	1/13-16/11	29	61	5	1	4

Pew Research Center. Jan. 5-9, 2011. N=1,503 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.

"What is your impression? These days are relations between the U.S. and China improving, staying about the same, or getting worse?"

		Improving	Staying about the same	Getting worse	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%	%
	1/5-9/11	16	55	22	7
	7/8-18/04	18	58	13	11
	2/02	16	61	14	9
	5/01	6	48	40	6
	3/00	13	55	19	13
	6/99	7	50	35	8
	3/99	13	60	19	8
	8/95	16	53	22	9

"Which concerns you more about China: its economic strength or its military strength?" Options rotated

		Economic strength	Military strength	Both (vol.)	Neither (vol.)	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%	%	%
	1/5-9/11	60	27	7	2	4

"And thinking about U.S. policy toward China, how important do you think each of the following is? First, do you think it is very important, somewhat important, not too important, or not at all important for the U.S. to . . . ?"

		Very important	Somewhat important	Not too important	Not at all important	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%	%	%

	"Build a stronger relationship with China"
	1/5-9/11	58	30	6	3	3

	"Get tougher with China on economic and trade issues"
	1/5-9/11	53	32	8	3	5

	"Do more to promote human rights in China" N=737 (Form 1) MoE ą 4.5
	1/5-9/11	40	32	14	8	6

	"Do more to promote better environmental policies and practices in China" N=766 (Form 2) MoE ą 4.5
	1/5-9/11	39	33	16	7	5

CNN/Opinion Research Corporation Poll. Nov. 11-14, 2010. N=1,014 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.
						.
"Which of the following statements do you think best describes China's role in the world today? China is currently an economic and military superpower. China is not a superpower but you expect it to become one someday. OR, China will never become a superpower."
						.
		Currently a superpower	A superpower someday	Will never be a superpower	Other (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	11/11-14/10	46	43	8	1	1
						.
"If you had to choose, would you say that China's wealth and economic power is more of a threat to the United States, or is more of an opportunity for the United States?"
						.
		A threat	An opportunity	Both equally (vol.)	Neither (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	11/11-14/10	58	35	4	2	1

CNN/Opinion Research Corporation Poll. Feb. 12-15, 2010. N=1,023 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.
						.
"We'd like to get your overall opinion of some people in the news. As I read each name, please say if you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of these people -- or if you have never heard of them. The Dalai Lama the spiritual leader of Tibet."
						.
		Favorable	Unfavorable	Never heard of	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	2/12-15/10	56	18	13	14
						.
"Which is more important -- for the U.S. to take a strong stand on human rights in China, or for the U.S. to maintain good relations with China?" N=522 (Form A), MoE ą 4.5
						.
		A strong stand	Good relations	Unsure
		%	%	%
	2/12-15/10	53	44	3
						.
"Which is more important -- for the U.S. to take a strong stand so that China does not take over Taiwan by force, or for the U.S. to maintain good relations with China?" N=522 (Form A), MoE ą 4.5
						.
		A strong stand	Good relations	Unsure
		%	%	%
	2/12-15/10	51	45	4
						.
"Which is more important -- for the U.S. to take a strong stand on the status of Tibet, or for the U.S. to maintain good relations with China?" N=522 (Form A), MoE ą 4.5
						.
		A strong stand	Good relations	Unsure
		%	%	%
	2/12-15/10	41	53	6
						.
"Based on what you have read or heard, do you think Tibet should be an independent country, or do you think Tibet should be a part of China?" N=501 (Form B), MoE ą 4.5
						.
		Independent country	Part of China	Unsure
		%	%	%
	2/12-15/10	73	19	8
	7/27-29/08	82	14	4

ABC News/Washington Post Poll. Feb. 4-8, 2010. N=1,004 adults nationwide.
						.
"Just your best guess, in terms of the dominant role in world affairs, do you think the 21st Century will be more of an American Century, more of a Chinese Century or what?" Half sample (Form A)
						.
		American Century	Chinese Century	Other (vol.)	A Mix (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	2/4-8/10	38	43	12	3	4
						.
"Just your best guess, in terms of the dominant role in the world economy, do you think the 21st Century will be more of an American Century, more of a Chinese Century or what?" Half sample (Form B)
						.
		American Century	Chinese Century	Other (vol.)	A Mix (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	2/4-8/10	40	41	7	5	6

CNN/Opinion Research Corporation Poll. Nov. 13-15, 2009. Adults nationwide.
						.
"Do you consider China to be a military threat to the United States, or not?" N=501 (Form A), MoE ą 4.5
						.
		Yes, a threat	No, not a threat	Unsure
		%	%	%
	11/13-15/09	51	47	2
	7/27-29/08	51	49	-
						.
"Do you consider China to be an economic threat to the United States, or not?" N=501 (Form A), MoE ą 4.5
						.
		Yes, a threat	No, not a threat	Unsure
		%	%	%
	11/13-15/09	71	28	2
	7/27-29/08	70	30	-
						.
"Which of the following come closer to your view about what China represents to the U.S.: a large potential market for U.S. firms, or a source of unfair competition for U.S. companies here at home?" N=513 (Form B), MoE ą 4.5
						.
		Potential market	Unfair competition	Other (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	11/13-15/09	27	67	2	3
						.
"How would you rate the job the government of China does in respecting the human rights of its citizens: very good, mostly good, mostly bad or very bad?" N=513 (Form B), MoE ą 4.5
						.
		Very good	Mostly good	Mostly bad	Very bad	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	11/13-15/09	2	22	36	32	8
	4/28-30/08	4	18	36	37	6

CNN/Opinion Research Corporation Poll. June 26-28, 2009. N=1,026 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.
						.
"Would you say that the following represent a very serious threat to the United States, a moderately serious threat, just a slight threat, or no threat at all? China."
						.
		Very serious threat	Moderately serious threat	Just a slight threat	No threat at all	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	6/26-28/09	20	35	26	18	1

CBS News Poll. July 31-Aug. 5, 2008. N=1,034 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.
					.
"Some people say that President Bush should not attend the opening ceremonies of the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing because of China's human rights record. Other people say the President should attend the opening ceremonies because politics should be kept out of the Olympic Games. Which do you agree with more?"
					.
		Should not attend	Should attend	Unsure
		%	%	%
	7/31 - 8/5/08	28	64	8

CNN/Opinion Research Corporation Poll. July 27-29, 2008. N=1,041 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.
					.
"Do you think President Bush should or should not attend the opening ceremonies of the Summer Olympic Games which are being held in China?"
					.
		Should	Should Not	Unsure
		%	%	%
	7/27-29/08	63	35	2

NBC News/Wall Street Journal Poll conducted by the polling organizations of Peter Hart (D) and Neil Newhouse (R). July 18-21, 2008. N=1,003 registered voters nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.1. RV = registered voters
						.
"Today, in general do you think of China as more of an ally or more of an adversary?"
						.
		Ally	Adversary	Both/ Neither (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	7/18-21/08 RV	23	54	12	11
	7/27-30/07	28	50	13	9
	7/8-11/05	26	49	10	15
	4/01	16	71	7	6
	6/99	18	67	5	10
	5/97	29	59	6	6
	3/95	31	62	2	5
						.
"Do you think President Bush should or should not attend the opening ceremonies of the Olympics in China?" Half sample (Form A), MoE ą 4.4
						.
		Should	Should Not	Unsure
		%	%	%
	7/18-21/08 RV	63	25	12

FOX News/Opinion Dynamics Poll. Nov. 13-14, 2007. N=900 registered voters nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.
					.
"When shopping this holiday season, how likely are you to check the country where the product was made before buying it . . . ?"
					.
		Very Likely	Somewhat Likely	Not Very Likely	Not at All Likely	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	11/13-14/07	46	24	12	15	3
					.
"In general, do you think products imported from China are safe or not?"
					.
		Are	Are Not	Unsure
		%	%	%
	11/13-14/07	27	65	8
					.
"In light of the recent toy recalls, this holiday season are you more likely to buy the toys you like no matter where they are made, buy only toys that are not made in China, or skip the toys and buy something else altogether?"
					.
		Buy Wherever Made	Buy Toys Not Made in China	Buy Something Else	Don't Buy Toys (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	11/13-14/07	13	26	45	11	4
					.
"Because of the recent toy recalls, do you think you will spend more or less on toys this holiday season?"
					.
		More	Less	Same (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	11/13-14/07	7	57	34	2

Associated Press-Ipsos poll conducted by Ipsos Public Affairs. Aug. 24-26, 2007. N=1,005 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.1.
						.
"Thinking of all the products you buy, no matter where in the world they are made, how confident are you that the products you buy are safe . . . ?"
						.
		Very Confident	Somewhat Confident	Not Too Confident	Not at All Confident	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	8/24-26/07	21	54	17	8	1
						.
"When it comes to the products that you buy that are made in China, how confident are you that those products are safe . . . ?"
						.
		Very Confident	Somewhat Confident	Not Too Confident	Not at All Confident	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	8/24-26/07	7	35	31	26	1
						.
"Thinking about all the products that you buy, what percentage of them do you think are made in China?"
						.
		MEAN	MEDIAN
		%	%
	8/24-26/07	53.1	49.7
						.
"Do you think the U.S. government is doing too much, not enough or about the right amount to ensure the safety of products imported from China?"
						.
		Too Much	Not Enough	About Right	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	8/24-26/07	2	65	30	3
						.
"Do you think each of the following deserves a lot, some, only a little or none of the blame for the recent cases of unsafe Chinese products being sold in the United States? . . ."
						.
		A Lot	Some	Only a Little	None	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	The Chinese companies who make the products
	8/24-26/07	64	20	9	4	2
						.
	The Chinese government
	8/24-26/07	53	26	12	6	3
						.
	The American companies who sell the products in the United States
	8/24-26/07	52	33	10	4	1
						.
	American consumers who demand low-cost products
	8/24-26/07	38	33	16	11	2
						.
	The U.S. government
	8/24-26/07	37	39	17	6	2

NBC News/Wall Street Journal Poll conducted by the polling organizations of Peter Hart (D) and Neil Newhouse (R). July 27-30, 2007. N=1,005 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.1.
						.
"And now I have a couple of questions about China. Do you think that China is currently a serious economic competitor to the United States, will be a serious economic competitor to the United States in the future, or will never really be a serious economic competitor to the United States?" Half-sample (Form A)
						.
		Currently	Will Be	Will Never Be	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	7/27-30/07	61	29	8	2
	5/05	61	30	5	4
						.
"When it comes to food products produced in China, do you have a great deal of confidence, quite a bit of confidence, just some confidence, or very little confidence that these food products are safe to eat?" Half-sample (Form B)
						.
		Great Deal	Quite a Bit	Just Some	Very Little	None (vol.)
		%	%	%	%	%
	7/27-30/07	3	5	25	55	10
						.
"As you may know, China will be hosting the 2008 summer Olympics in Beijing. How interested would you say that you are in personally visiting China: very interested, fairly interested, not that interested, or not interested at all?"
						.
		Very Interested	Fairly Interested	Not That Interested	Not at All Interested	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	7/27-30/07	15	17	14	53	1
						.
"Over the next year, how important would you say each of the following actions are for China to take as it prepares for the 2008 Summer Olympics: very important, fairly important, just somewhat important, or not that important? . . ."
						.
		Very Important	Fairly Important	Just Somewhat Important	Not That Important	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	Improve human rights
	7/27-30/07	73	10	10	4	3
						.
	Enact policies that are more protective of the environment
	7/27-30/07	57	14	17	8	4
						.
	Open its trading policies to become more fair
	7/27-30/07	55	15	17	9	4

NBC News/Wall Street Journal Poll conducted by the polling organizations of Peter Hart (D) and Bill McInturff (R). April 21-24, 2006. N=approx. 500 adults nationwide.
						.
"When it comes to China, is the United States too tough, about right, or not tough enough in our business and economic negotiations with China?"
						.
		Too Tough	About Right	Not Tough Enough	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	4/21-24/06	4	18	57	21

*CNN/USA Today/Gallup Poll*. Dec. 9-11, 2005. Adults nationwide.
					.
"Now, turning to China: Do you think the growth of China as a major economy is a positive or a negative development for the United States?" N=503 (Form A), MoE ą 5
					.
		Positive	Negative	Unsure
		%	%	%
	12/9-11/05	48	46	6
					.
"Do you consider China to be a military threat to the United States, or not?" N=500 (Form B), MoE ą 5
					.
		Yes. a Threat	Not a Threat	Unsure
		%	%	%
	12/9-11/05	50	48	2
					.
"Do you consider China to be an economic threat to the United States, or not?" N=500 (Form B), MoE ą 5
					.
		Yes. a Threat	Not a Threat	Unsure
		%	%	%
	12/9-11/05	64	33	3

NBC News/Wall Street Journal Poll conducted by the polling organizations of Peter Hart (D) and Bill McInturff (R). July 8-11, 2005. N=1,009 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.1.
						.
"Which one of the following statements comes closer to your point of view on our relationship with China? Statement A: We should maintain good trade relations with China, despite disagreements we might have with its human rights policies. OR, Statement B: We should demand that China improve its human rights policies if China wants to continue to enjoy its current trade status with the United States." Half-sample (Form A)
						.
		Maintain Good Relations	Demand Improvements	Neither (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	7/8-11/05	39	53	3	5
	5/96	30	60	5	5
	9/95	33	60	4	3
						.
"Which one of the following statements comes closer to your point of view on our relationship with China? Statement A: We should maintain good trade relations with China, despite disagreements we might have with its military policies. OR, Statement B: We should demand that China improve its military policies if China wants to continue to enjoy its current trade status with the United States." Half-sample (Form B)
						.
		Maintain Good Relations	Demand Improvements	Neither (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	7/8-11/05	44	47	1	8
						.
"Recently a Chinese company that is mostly owned by the Chinese government bid to purchase Union Oil of California, also called Unocal, which is the ninth largest oil company in the United States. Do you favor or oppose a Chinese company purchasing Unocal?"
						.
		Favor	Oppose	Unsure
		%	%	%
	7/8-11/05	16	73	11

Newsweek Poll conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates. Feb. 19-20, 2004. N=1,019 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.
						.
"In general, do you think the emergence of China as an economic superpower has been a good thing or a bad thing for the United States?"
						.
		Good Thing	Bad Thing	Mixed (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	2/04	28	41	8	23

Fox News/Opinion Dynamics Poll. April 18-19, 2001. N=904 registered voters nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.
			.
"As you may know, Chinese officials detained 24 U.S. Navy crew members for 11 days after their surveillance plane collided with a Chinese plane. Do you think President Bush's actions in this incident were too soft on China, too tough on China, or just about right?"
		%
	Too soft	20
	Too tough	4
	Just about right	67
	Not sure	9	.
			.
"Do you think the United States should demonstrate its unhappiness with China for its actions by opposing China's membership in the World Trade Organization?"
		%
	Yes	36
	No	42
	Not sure	22
			.
"Do you think the United States should demonstrate its unhappiness with China for its actions by opposing China's bid to host the Olympic Games in 2008?"
		%
	Yes	39
	No	47
	Not sure	14

Newsweek Poll conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates. April 12-13, 2001. N=1,000 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.
			.
"Now I’m going to ask you about the recent situation involving the crew of a U.S. surveillance plane who were detained in China for 11 days before being released this Wednesday. Do you approve or disapprove of the way George W. Bush handled this situation?"
		%
	Approve	69
	Disapprove	23
	Don't know	8	.
			.
"Do you think the Chinese government would have released the American crew much earlier if the Bush Administration had expressed regrets about the incident to the Chinese soon after the plane went down, or not?"
		%
	Yes, would have	44
	No, would not have	45
	Don't know	11
			.
"How much, if at all, do you think this incident will affect future relations between the United States and China? Do you think it will result in long-term damage, only short-term damage, or no damage at all to U.S.-China relations?"
		%
	Long-term damage	22
	Short-term damage	51
	No damage at all	21
	Don't know	6
			.
"Now that the American crew has been released, do you think the United States should end, should reduce, or should continue with the U.S. military surveillance flights off the Chinese coast, to which China objects?"
		%
	Should end	10
	Should reduce	13
	Should continue	69
	Don't know	8
			.
"Do you think the United States should support or oppose China's membership in the World Trade Organization?"
		%
	Support	54
	Oppose	31
	Don't know	15
			.
"Do you think the United States should support or oppose China's bid to host the 2008 Olympic games?"
		%
	Support	50
	Oppose	35
	Don't know	15
			.
"Do you think the U.S. Congress should or should NOT approve the Bush Administration's request to sell new military equipment to Taiwan?"
		%
	Should	35
	Should not	50
	Don't know	15

The Gallup Poll. April 6-8, 2001. N=1,025 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.
			.
"Next, as you may know, a U.S. Navy plane was involved in a mid-air collision with a Chinese plane, and had to land in Chinese territory. The plane and its 24 crew members are currently being held by China. Do you approve or disapprove of the way George W. Bush is handling this situation?"
		%
	Approve	61
	Disapprove	31
	No opinion	8	.
			.
"The government in China says it will not return the 24 crew members until the U.S. officially apologizes for the incident. Do you think the U.S. should or should not officially apologize to China?"
		%
	Should	41
	Should not	54
	No opinion	5
			.
"Thinking only about the flight and the mid-air collision with the Chinese plane, do you think the U.S. is or is not at fault for what happened?"
		%
	Is at fault	13
	Is not at fault	68
	No opinion	19
			.
"Finally, do you consider the 24 U.S. crew members to be hostages of China, or has the situation not yet reached the point where they can be described as hostages?"
		%
	They are hostages	55
	They are not hostages	43
	No opinion	2

*ABC News/Washington* Post Poll**. April 5, 2001. N=505 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 4.5.
			.
"As you may know, a U.S. spy plane and a Chinese military aircraft collided last Saturday and the U.S. plane had to land on a Chinese island, where the plane and crew remain. Do you think this incident poses a threat to U.S.-China relations, or not?" If "Threat": "Would you describe it as a serious threat or not serious?"
		%
	Serious threat	48
	Threat -- not serious	25
	Not a threat	21
	No opinion	4
			.
"Do you approve or disapprove of the way George W. Bush is handling the situation with China?"
		%
	Approve	64
	Disapprove	24
	No opinion	12
			.
"As of now China has not released the U.S. plane or its crew. Would you say this delay is or is not a cause for concern?" If "Concern": "Would you say it's a cause for alarm, or not?"
		%
	Alarm	41
	Concern -- not alarm	40
	Not a cause for concern	16
	No opinion	1
			.
"Do you think this incident is mainly the United States' fault, mainly China's fault, the fault of both sides equally, or just an accident and no one’s fault?"
		%
	United States' fault	5
	China's fault	25
	Both sides equally	18
	No one’s fault	46
	No opinion	5
			.
"As you may know, China has asked the United States to apologize for this incident before it releases the plane and crew. Do you think the United States should or should not apologize to China?"
		%
	Should	40
	Should not	54
	No opinion	6
			.
"In order to try to recover the plane and crew, do you think the United States should or should not agree to reduce the use of American spy planes to intercept Chinese communications?"
		%
	Should	28
	Should not	61
	No opinion	11
			.
"In order to try to recover the plane and crew, do you think the United States should or should not move to restrict U.S. trade with China if the crew and plane are not returned?"
		%
	Should	74
	Should not	19
	No opinion	7
			.
"In handling this situation, do you think the Bush Administration has been too tough with China, not tough enough, or about right?
		%
	Too tough	6
	Not tough enough	23
	About right	62
	No opinion	9

CBS News Poll. April 4-5, 2001. N=660 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 4.
.
"Are your feelings toward China generally favorable, generally unfavorable, or neutral?"

		Favorable	Unfavorable	Neutral	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	4/01	13	34	48	5
	5/99	18	24	53	5
	6/98	12	23	61	4
	5/98	13	26	58	3
	5/89	32	7	57	4
						.
"Do you approve or disapprove of the way George W. Bush is handling relations with China?"

		Approve	Disapprove	Unsure
		%	%	%
	4/01	49	28	23
						.
"Last Sunday, a U.S. spy plane made an emergency landing in China, after colliding with a Chinese fighter plane. The Chinese pilot was lost at sea, while the spy plane and U.S. crew are being held in China. How closely have you been following news about this incident? Have you been following it very closely, somewhat closely, not too closely or not at all?"

			%
	Very closely		31
	Somewhat closely		40
	Not too closely		20
	Not at all		9

"The Chinese say that the U.S. spy plane invaded Chinese airspace and caused the collision. The U.S. says the spy plane was well within its rights, because it was in international air space before the collision. Do you think the U.S. spy plane was in the right, or do you think it may have done something wrong?"

			%
	In the right		58
	May have done wrong		26
	Unsure		16

"The Chinese government has demanded that the U.S. provide an official apology and explain the actions of the spy plane in the area before it will release the 24 U.S. crewmen. Do you think the U.S. should or should not apologize to the Chinese government?"

			%
	Should		41
	Should not		49
	Unsure		10

Pew Research Center for the People & the Press survey conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates. March 15-19, 2000. N=1,184 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.5:
					.
"In your opinion, has the Clinton Administration been too tough, not tough enough, or about right in its dealings with China?"
		3/00	6/99	3/99
		%	%	%
	Too tough	2	1	2
	Not tough enough	42	51	44
	About right	42	35	43
	Don't know/Refused	14	13	11
					.
"As you may know, there have been renewed tensions about when and how to bring Taiwan back under Chinese control. If China were to use military force against Taiwan over this, should the United States use military force to defend Taiwan, or not?"
		%
	Should use force	31
	Should not	53
	Don't know/Refused	16

ABC News.com Poll. Aug. 25-29, 1999. N=1,017 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.
			.
"As you may know, the island of Taiwan is a province of China that broke away in the 1940s and now has its own separate government. If China attacks Taiwan in order to bring it back under Chinese control, should the United States help defend Taiwan, or not?"
		%
	Should	47
	Should not	48
	No opinion	5
			.
	Asked of respondents who answered "Should" to question above. (Results shown below are based on the total sample.): "What if that meant the United States would get into a war with China? In that case, should the United States help defend Taiwan, or not?"
		%
	Should	30
	Should not if it meant war	15
	Should not in any case	48
	No opinion	7

NBC News/Wall Street Journal Poll conducted by the polling organizations of Peter Hart (D) and Robert Teeter (R). June 16-19, 1999. N=1,000 adults nationwide.
				.
"As you may know, a special congressional committee has released a report charging that China stole American nuclear secrets and used other means to acquire advanced military technology. If the report is true, do you think that the loss of technology to China poses a major threat, a minor threat, or not much of a threat at all to U.S. national security?"
		%
	Major threat	55
	Minor threat	32
	Not much of a threat at all	10
	Not sure	3
				.
"When it comes to the allegations that China stole American nuclear secrets and advanced military technology, do you think that the Clinton Administration is mostly responsible for allowing this to happen, or do you think that previous presidential administrations bear just as much responsibility?"
			%
	Clinton Administration mostly responsible		22
	Previous administrations bear as much responsibility		69
	Not sure		9

Fox News/Opinion Dynamics Poll. June 2-3, 1999. N=924 registered voters nationwide.
			.
"From what you've heard about the Chinese stealing secrets from American weapons labs, do you think that the spying problems are a major threat to national security, a problem but not a major threat, or a minor issue being blown up by politics?"
		%
	Major threat	54
	Problem, not a major threat	27
	A minor issue	14
	Not sure	5
			.
"Do you think there is a link between campaign contributions to Democrats and President Clinton and the Clinton Administration's failure to act on allegations of Chinese spying?"
		%
	Yes	45
	No	32
	Not sure	23
			.
"Whose economy do you think would be harmed more if the U.S. cut trade relations with China: the Chinese economy, or the U.S. economy?"
		%
	Chinese economy	45
	U.S. economy	37
	Not sure	18

*CNN/Time* Poll** conducted by Yankelovich Partners. May 26-27, 1999. N=1,017 adults nationwide.
						.
"Thinking now about China, what is your overall opinion about China—is it very favorable, mostly favorable, mostly unfavorable, or very unfavorable?"
		ALL	Repub- licans	Indepen- dents	Demo- crats
		%	%	%	%
	Very favorable	6	6	6	6
	Mostly favorable	31	26	36	32
	Mostly unfavorable	38	40	36	39
	Very unfavorable	16	21	15	14
	Not sure	9	7	7	9
						.
"Which of these two approaches do you think the United States should take in its policies toward China? Take a strong stand on human rights even if this might jeopardize our diplomatic and trade relations with China. Establish strong diplomatic and trade relations with China, even if this requires overlooking some of China's human rights violations."
		May 1999	Feb. 1997	May 1996
		%	%	%
	Strong stand on human rights	57	54	56
	Strong relations	28	32	29
	Neither/Both (vol.)	4	6	5
	Not sure	11	8	10
						.
		ALL	Repub- licans	Indepen- dents	Demo- crats
		%	%	%	%
"Looking ahead, do you think it's better for the United States to be more confrontational with China or to engage them economically?"
	More confrontational	29	31	33	26
	Engage economically	58	62	54	60
	Not sure	13	7	13	14
						.
"Based on what you have read or heard, how much of a threat do you think the classified information obtained by China poses to the military security of the United States? Do you think it poses a very serious threat, a fairly serious threat, not very much of a threat, or no threat at all?"
	Very serious threat	47	53	45	45
	Fairly serious threat	32	32	33	34
	Not very much of a threat	11	8	11	13
	No threat at all	5	4	6	4
	Not sure	5	3	5	4
						.
"In response to these actions, do you think the U.S. should cut back its trade relations with China, or don't you think so?"
	Should cut back	50	56	48	51
	Don't think so	41	37	43	41
	Not sure	9	7	9	8
						.
"How responsible do you think the Clinton Administration is for China's obtaining U.S. secrets about its nuclear weapons technology?..."
	Very responsible	27	40	29	17
	Fairly responsible	32	31	34	32
	Not very responsible	20	14	19	27
	Not responsible at all	12	9	12	14
	Not sure	9	6	6	10
						.
"And, how responsible do you think previous presidential administrations are for China's obtaining U.S. secrets about its nuclear weapons technology?..."
	Very responsible	24	23	26	23
	Fairly responsible	42	43	42	43
	Not very responsible	17	19	16	15
	Not responsible at all	8	8	8	9
	Not sure	9	7	8	10
						.
"Based on what you read or heard, do you think the Clinton Administration did or did not do everything it should have done to protect U.S. military secrets from Chinese spying?"
	Did do everything	24	16	19	34
	Did not	64	76	71	52
	Not sure	12	8	10	14
						.
"Do you believe that there are Chinese spies currently working in U.S. government facilities, or that Chinese attempts to obtain secret U.S. nuclear technology have been stopped?"
	Still are spies	81	88	83	78
	Have been stopped	9	5	11	9
	Not sure	10	7	6	13
						.
"Do you think that the Chinese will have the ability to launch a large number of nuclear missiles into the continental U.S. in five years, or don't you think so?"
	Will have ability	64	69	67	60
	Don't think so	24	23	22	27
	Not sure	12	8	11	13
						.
"Do you think the Chinese currently have the technological capability to launch a large number of nuclear missiles into the continental U.S., or don't you think so?"
	Do have capability	61	62	61	60
	Don't think so	30	32	32	28
	Not sure	9	6	7	12
						.
"Do you think Attorney General Janet Reno should resign over her handling of the Chinese spying incident, or don't you think so?"
	Should resign	35	48	37	27
	Don't think so	45	37	45	53
	Not sure	20	15	18	20

Gallup/CNN/USA Today Poll. May 21-23, 1999. N=925 adults nationwide.
					.
"Now we have a few questions about China. How would you rate the job the government of China does in respecting the human rights of its citizens: very good, mostly good, mostly bad, or very bad?"
		5/99	6/97
		%	%
	Very good	3	3
	Mostly good	18	17
	Mostly bad	35	35
	Very bad	34	34
	No opinion	10	11
					.
"Which of the following statements comes closer to your view? [rotate] The United States should link human rights issues in China with U.S.-China trade policy, even if doing so hurts U.S. economic interests. OR, The United States should not link human rights issues in China with U.S.-China trade policy because doing so might hurt U.S. economic interests."
		5/99	6/98	10/97
		%	%	%
	Should link	46	47	55
	Should not link	45	45	36
	No opinion	9	8	9

Newsweek Poll conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates. May 13-14, 1999. N=405 adults nationwide.
						.
"Do you approve or disapprove of the way Bill Clinton is handling relations with China?"
		5/13-14/99	4/15-16/99
		%	%
	Approve	38	44
	Disapprove	43	32
	Don't know	19	24
						.
"Next, please tell me whether you generally agree or disagree with each of the following statements about China. Do you agree or disagree that [see below]?"
				Agree	Disagree	Don't Know
				%	%	%
	"China is an important market and trading partner for the United States"			80	15	5
						.
	"China is basically friendly toward the United States"			41	51	8
						.
	"China should be considered an enemy of the United States"			30	64	6
						.
"What do you think is the best way for the United States to help bring more democracy, human rights and economic reform to China? Is it continuing the current policy of commercial dealings and other engagement, or imposing greater penalties on China and limits on U.S.-China relations?"
			%
	Current policy of engagement		51
	Imposing greater penalties		37
	Don't know		12
						.
"Now thinking about the allegations that Chinese agents stole nuclear secrets from the United States, do you consider this a major threat to our national security, only a minor threat, or not a threat at all?"
		%
	Major threat	57
	Minor threat	33
	Not a threat	5
	Don't know	5

CBS News Poll. May 11, 1999. N=578 adults nationwide.
.
"How important to the interests of the United States is what happens in China: very important, somewhat important, or not very important?"
		Very Important	Somewhat Important	Not Very Important	Don't Know
		%	%	%	%
	5/11/99	62	27	6	5
	4/99	52	35	7	6
						.
"Do you approve or disapprove of the way Bill Clinton is handling relations with China?"
		Approve	Disap- prove	Don't Know
		%	%	%
	5/11/99	47	28	25
	6/98	35	37	28

NBC News/Wall Street Journal Poll conducted by the polling organizations of Peter Hart (D) and Robert Teeter (R). April 17-19, 1999. N=500 adults nationwide.
			..
"As you may know, there are allegations that the Chinese government stole classified military secrets from U.S. atomic bomb plants. If these allegations are true, do you think that this poses a major threat, a minor threat, or not much of a threat at all to U.S. national security?"
		%
	Major threat	49
	Minor threat	33
	Not much of a threat	13
	Not sure	5
			.
"From what you know, do you think that the Clinton Administration's response to the allegations of spying by the Chinese government has been too tough, about right, or not tough enough?"
		%
	Too tough	2
	About right	32
	Not tough enough	51
	Not sure	15
			.
"As you may know, the World Trade Organization, or WTO, is the world's leading trade organization that helps to resolve trade disputes among member nations. From what you know, do you think that China's becoming a member of the WTO would have a major impact, minor impact, or no impact at all on the U.S. economy?"
		%
	Major impact	60
	Minor impact	26
	No impact	5
	Not sure	9

Fox News/Opinion Dynamics Poll. April 7-8, 1999. N=921 registered voters nationwide.
			.
"Do you think President Clinton is handling U.S.-China relations appropriately, or do you think he should be tougher and stronger with the Chinese, or easier and softer with the Chinese?"
		%
	Handling appropriately	24
	Should be tougher and stronger	58
	Should be easier and softer	2
	Not sure	16

Newsweek Poll conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates. March 25-26, 1999. N=752 adults nationwide.
			.
"On another subject of U.S. relations with China: Do you think President Clinton has been too favorable toward China because of his desire to expand trade with the Chinese, too favorable toward China because of the influence of Chinese campaign contributions, or that he hasn't been too favorable toward China?"
		%
	Too favorable because of trade	33
	Too favorable because of contributions	25
	Hasn't been too favorable	19
	Don't know	23
			.
"Do you think the U.S. is better off in the current environment of the free flow of scientific and nuclear information with China, or would be better off with a return to Cold War security limits on information flow?"
		%
	Better off in current environment	32
	Better off with return to Cold War limits	48
	Don't know	20

Gallup/CNN/USA Today Poll. March 12-14, 1999. N=1,025 adults nationwide.
				.
"As you may know, the Clinton Administration has stated that it is committed to maintaining a constructive working relationship with China. As far as you are concerned, has the Clinton Administration acted appropriately or gone too far in trying to maintain this kind of relationship with China?"
		%
	Acted appropriately	46
	Gone too far	47
	Not gone far enough (vol.)	1
	No opinion	6
				.
"Which of the following policy goals do you view as more important [rotate]: for the U.S. to take a strong stand on human rights in China, or for the U.S. to maintain good relations with China?"
		3/99	10/97
		%	%
	Strong stand on human rights	51	59
	Maintain good relations	44	37
	No opinion	5	4

Fox News/Opinion Dynamics Poll. March 10-11, 1999. N=900 registered voters nationwide.
			.
"Recently it was reported that a Chinese spy has been stealing nuclear weapons secrets for many years. Does this incident make you more or less confident in President Clinton’s ability to manage national security?"
		%
	More confident	4
	Less confident	52
	Makes no difference (vol.)	37
	Not sure	7
			.
"The government knew about the spying as early as 1995. Do you think the Clinton Administration risked national security because of campaign contributions it was receiving from China?"
		%
	Yes	53
	No	29
	Not sure	18

NBC News/Wall Street Journal Poll conducted by the polling organizations of Peter Hart (D) and Robert Teeter (R). January 16-18, 1999. N=500 adults nationwide.
			.
"As you may know, China has been cracking down on political debate by arresting and detaining dissidents and human rights advocates. To try to stop these actions, do you think that the U.S. can be more effective with China by using quiet diplomacy or by taking public actions, such as cutting back on economic ties?"
		%
	Using quiet diplomacy	41
	Taking public actions	42
	Both (vol.)	4
	Other (vol.)	2
	Depends (vol.)	1
	Not sure	10

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